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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of 80m or 265 feet, while the tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kilograms or thirty nine thousand six hundred ninety lbs. with counter weights of 20 tons. Furthermore, two limit switches are utilized to be able to make certain that the driver does not overload the crane. There is also one more safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not surpass the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the tower crane has a maximum reach of 70 meters or 230 feet.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would first have to be brought to the construction site by using a large tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is used in order to assemble the machine part of the crane and the jib. Afterwards, these parts are attached to the mast. The mobile crane then adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes may be a few of the other industrial equipment which is utilized to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height is able to match the building's height. The crane crew uses what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. Next, the crane operator uses the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast section piece.
The definition of a "loaded container" for the purpose of container handling and securing; is a container other than in the empty or tare condition. Containers must be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. To be able to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions such as wind has to be considered. The term loaded is the container's maximum gross weigh rating. So as to make sure that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the load should be distributed all over the container.
To be able to maintain safety, having an evenly distributed load is beneficial to prevent excessive tilting, and lack of vehicle stability. An even cargo helps to avoid unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the distribution of load within the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is extremely important that the designers of containers and handling equipment consider in the engineering process. Like for instance, when 60 percent of the load by mass is distributed in 50% of the container length measured from one end of the equipment, the eccentricity corresponds to five percent.
Make sure that the container is free to be handled and care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container, in order to make sure that the machine used is perfect for the cargo. Particular attention mus be paid to the risk of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like for example a tank container, a bulk container or a container with a liquid bulk bag or a thermal container with a refrigerating unit, either clip on or integral, or any container with a hanging cargo, great care has to be taken when lifting these.