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There are some industrial and commercial buildings which now exceed sixty stories or more. These buildings all need tall cranes to help transport the supplies to the higher floors. There are cranes which have their own vehicle connected or other kinds that are operated from the rear of trucks. Tower cranes are the largest kinds offered on the market.
Tower cranes are stand-alone structures found as part of a major city's downtown skyline on high-rise building projects. When new construction such as apartment buildings and skyscrapers and commercial facilities like shopping center are being constructed, chances are a crane will be on site.
Types
There are two different types of cranes: boom crane or the jib crane. The jib is a metal frame that extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it lifts items. On a luffing type of tower crane, the jib can ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types can vary from 30,000 lbs. to ten thousand pounds
Body
The body of the crane is composed of a vertical steel mast that is composed of individual sections. The parts are added to be able increase the overall height of the machinery. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, which is a small room which has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also referred to. The crane operator works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane uses a braided metal cord to be able to lift materials. This cord extends out from a motor situated near the control module to the end of the boom or jib. There is a pulley system situated at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib situated on the tower's opposite side. The counter jib holds weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when raising heavy supplies.
The hydraulic truck crane is a specific mobile crane which uses hydraulic power to lift and transport thousands of pounds. Hydraulics uses forces being transmitted through oil pushing in opposite directions on the boom's pistons in order to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are really vital in constructing major projects such as airports, bridges, buildings and roadways. A crane can accomplish in minutes tasks that would normally take hundreds of men and many hours to complete.
These remarkable machines have played a very important part in building houses, cities, individual buildings and entire nations throughout the ages. Even the Great Pyramids within Egypt were likely built with the help of basic cranes to allow the heaviest materials in one of the most awesome construction projects ever.
The first cranes were established in 3000 B.C. Egypt during King Ramses'' reign. This lifting mechanism was initially utilized to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared in Ancient Greece. These devices were utilized to create an entire country throughout the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were originally made out of wood. The designs of cranes began to change when dockyards started to require stronger and bigger machines. Hick & Rothwell developed the first cast iron cranes in Bolton, England, during 1834. This machinery could lift up to 2 tons. That very same year, wire ropes were added to the crane by Herr Albert Sr. who was an Official of the German Superior Board. The wire rope made the crane stronger and more durable. This addition enabled cranes to have a larger capacity to lift heavy weights.
The wire ropes were weaved together forming a more powerful rope with even more strength. The newly formed wire also added more flexibility. Germany began to make cast iron cranes 4 years later. The first cast iron crane built by Germany was built in Neuburg.